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Norwood v. Bain, No. 96-2164 (4th Cir.) (143 F.3d 843) (May 13, 1998) (Judge James Dickson Jr. Phillips)

The Court held that "compensatory damages may be recovered in § 1983 actions for proven violations of constitutional right, but only for any actual harms caused by the violation and not for the violation standing alone. . . . Actual harms resulting from conduct that violated the right may include ...

 

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