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U.S. v. Edwards, No. 98-1055 (3rd Cir.) (162 F.3d 87) (November 27, 1998) (Judge Marjorie O. Rendell)

The Court observed: "Most of the Courts of Appeals that have considered this question have found that the retrospective application of the MVRA violates the Ex Post Facto Clause because restitution imposed as part of a defendant's sentence is criminal punishment, not a civil sanction, and the shift from discretionary ...

 

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